19:21
RENJIN BOSE R.K
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Saturday, 15 October 2011
Computer Operating Systems
Computers are run by operating systems (OS), which are computer programs organizing and utilizing the computer's processing functions. An operating system lines up the jobs, and assigns them to their proper places. It tells the CPU to perform various functions and checks the data moving through the various devices of the computer. There are many operating systems for a computer user to choose from, the most popular include Microsoft's Windows, the UNIX system from Bell, Linux and Apple's Macintosh - MAC OS. Learn about the definition, functions and fundamentals of operating systems for computers, different types of operating systems, popular operating system comparisons, operating system market share and more.
hich is the Best Operating System to Use at Home
The Operating system is one of the most important components of a computer. The prime functions of a computer is performed by the operating system. So, it is necessary to know the best operating system for your computer. Some of the best operating systems for your home is discussed in this article.
List of Best Operating Systems
Windows 7
Windows 7 is the latest release of the Microsoft Windows family. The primary goal of Windows 7 is to increase its compatibility, than the previous versions and to deliver high performance. Some of the advancements in Windows 7 are identity recognitions, providing support for virtual hard disks, file formats, and good performance on multi-core processors, booting and kernel improvements in computing process. The visual style and the user interface (Windows Aero), is retained in this version. The users can choose to change the DPI (Dots Per Inch) settings of their system.
Windows Vista
Windows Vista is an operating system, developed by Microsoft Corporation. It is also known by its codename Longhorn. It was preceded by Windows XP and succeeded by Windows 7. The primary objective of Windows Vista is to improve the state of security in the system. Some of the criticisms against Windows Vista is that the OS demands high system requirements, restriction to many software, less compatibility and more restrictive licensing terms etc. It has around 400 million users around the globe.
Windows XP
Windows XP is a Microsoft product, which is the first operating system to work with Windows NT kernel. It is programmed in C, C++ and assemble languages, and the Graphical User Interface is redesigned to make it more user-friendly. There are two main editions in Windows XP. One is Windows XP Home Edition, which is designed for home users, and the other one is Windows XP Professional, which is designed for business clients and power-users. There are various newly updated versions such as GDI+, DirectX 8.1, display settings, registration-free COM, fast user switching etc.
Mac OS X
Mac OS X is a Unix-based operating system which is developed and sold by Apple Inc. Mac OS X Lion (version 10.7), is the latest version of Mac OS X. Some of its previous versions are Kodiak (Public Beta), Cheetah (10.0), Puma (10.1), Jaguar (10.2), Panther (10.3), Tiger (10.4), Leopard (10.5) and Snow Leopard (10.6). Apple products work using the Mac OS X Operating System.
Ubuntu
Ubuntu is a free computer operating system software which is a Debian project, which is based on GNU/Linux. It is one of the popular operating systems, used by 12 million people around the world. It provides free software packages to its users. Ubuntu supports desktops which have x86 microprocessors installed in them. The instruction-set architecture can be 32-bit or 62-bit. Ubuntu exhibits some restrictions and demands certification to some software such as Microsoft TrueType core fonts, Sun's Java runtime environment, Adobe's Flash Player plugin, many common audio/video codecs and files which are compressed in RAR format, MP3/DVD recorders etc.
Unix-based Linux
Linus is a free software Operating System, which uses the system tools from GNU project, which is developed by Richard Stallman. The Operating System uses command line interface (CLI), a graphical user interface (GUI), for its functioning. The main system functions in the Linux is operated by Linux kernel. Some of the platforms which supports the Operating System are Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) Alpha, Advanced Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) Machine architecture, AVR32 microprocessor, Blackfin etc.
Other Operating Systems for Home Use
- Windows Vista Ultimate
- Mac OS X Leopard
- Windows Vista Home Premium
- Haiku
- Debian
- Fedora
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How to Reset a Forgotten Windows 7 Administrator Password?
It is well known that Windows administrator account has the full rights on computer, such as download and install software, change settings, remove or reset other accounts password, etc. If you forgot Windows 7 administrator password, though you can log on with a standard user or guest account, your operations on computer are limited.
As the built-in administrator account is disabled by default in Windows 7, we need to active the administrator account firstly to use it. The following will show you how to reset administrator password in Windows 7 if you forgot the password, and how to enable a hidden Windows 7 administrator account and assign a password for it.
Windows Password Breaker is a powerful Windows password reset tool for you to reset forgotten or lost Windows password. It helps you create a bootable password reset disk (CD/DVD) or USB flash drive to reset administrator and other users password with 4 steps:
Step 1: Download and install Windows Password Breaker Professional.
Step 2: Burn a bootable password reset CD/DVD or USB flash drive with the program.
Step 3: Reboot your locked computer from the burned CD/DVD or USB.
Step 4: Reset Windows 7 administrator password to blank.
Your Windows 7 admin password will be removed and you can log on administrator account without entering password. The detailed user guide is aslo available.
The easiest way to enable Windows 7 built-in administrator account is to use Command Prompt.
1. Click Start and type cmd in the search box. Right-click cmd and select Run as Administrator.
2. Click Yes when prompted to allow the Command Processor to run. And then the command prompt will appear.
3. Type net user in the command prompt window, and then hit Enter. All the Windows account user names will be listed. You'll also see the Administrator account, but now it is not enabled.
4. Type net user administrator /active:yes and hit Enter to enable Windows 7 admin account.
Assign a password for administrator:
Now the Windows 7 administrator account is created. To create a Windows 7 admin password, you can follow the below steps:
1. Switch to log on with the administrator account.
2. Click Start, Control Panel, User Accounts and Family Safety and User Accounts in order. You'll enter the screen where you can make changes for your account.
3. Click Create a password for your account on the screen.
4. In the coming screen, type and confirm your Windows 7 admin password.
5. Enter password hint and click Create Password.
Now a password has been successfully created for your Windows 7 admin account.
Method 2: Use Local Users and Groups
1. Click Start and type lusrmgr.msc in the search box, and then hit Enter. The Local Users and Groups screen will come up.
2. Double-click the Users folder. And all the Windows 7 accounts will be displayed for you.
3. Right-click the Administrator account and select Properties.
4. Uncheck the "Account is disabled" check-box and click OK on the Administrator Properties screen.
Assign a password for admin:
Now Windows 7 admin account is enabled. To set a password for the enabled Windows 7 administrator account, follow the steps as below:
1. Right-click the Administrator account and select Set Password.
2. Click Proceed to go on your operation.
3. Type and confirm your new Windows 7 admin password and click Ok.
4. Close the Local Users and Groups screen.
Now a password is assigned to your Windows 7 admin account.
Note: Please remember to create a Windows 7 password reset disk after assigning administrator password. You can use it to reset lost Windows 7 administrator password easily when you happened to forgot the password.
As the built-in administrator account is disabled by default in Windows 7, we need to active the administrator account firstly to use it. The following will show you how to reset administrator password in Windows 7 if you forgot the password, and how to enable a hidden Windows 7 administrator account and assign a password for it.
Option 1: How to reset Windows 7 administrator password?
As we all known, Windows 7 password reset disk is an easy way to reset a lost or forgotten Windows 7 administrator password. Usually this method is not a real solution to help you reset forgotten password because you need to create one in advance. Here we will show you a really effective solution to reset your forgotten Windows 7 administrator password.Windows Password Breaker is a powerful Windows password reset tool for you to reset forgotten or lost Windows password. It helps you create a bootable password reset disk (CD/DVD) or USB flash drive to reset administrator and other users password with 4 steps:
Step 1: Download and install Windows Password Breaker Professional.
Step 2: Burn a bootable password reset CD/DVD or USB flash drive with the program.
Step 3: Reboot your locked computer from the burned CD/DVD or USB.
Step 4: Reset Windows 7 administrator password to blank.
Your Windows 7 admin password will be removed and you can log on administrator account without entering password. The detailed user guide is aslo available.
Option 2: How to enable Windows 7 administrator account?
Method 1: Use Command PromptThe easiest way to enable Windows 7 built-in administrator account is to use Command Prompt.
1. Click Start and type cmd in the search box. Right-click cmd and select Run as Administrator.
2. Click Yes when prompted to allow the Command Processor to run. And then the command prompt will appear.
3. Type net user in the command prompt window, and then hit Enter. All the Windows account user names will be listed. You'll also see the Administrator account, but now it is not enabled.
4. Type net user administrator /active:yes and hit Enter to enable Windows 7 admin account.
Assign a password for administrator:
Now the Windows 7 administrator account is created. To create a Windows 7 admin password, you can follow the below steps:
1. Switch to log on with the administrator account.
2. Click Start, Control Panel, User Accounts and Family Safety and User Accounts in order. You'll enter the screen where you can make changes for your account.
3. Click Create a password for your account on the screen.
4. In the coming screen, type and confirm your Windows 7 admin password.
5. Enter password hint and click Create Password.
Now a password has been successfully created for your Windows 7 admin account.
Method 2: Use Local Users and Groups
1. Click Start and type lusrmgr.msc in the search box, and then hit Enter. The Local Users and Groups screen will come up.
2. Double-click the Users folder. And all the Windows 7 accounts will be displayed for you.
3. Right-click the Administrator account and select Properties.
4. Uncheck the "Account is disabled" check-box and click OK on the Administrator Properties screen.
Assign a password for admin:
Now Windows 7 admin account is enabled. To set a password for the enabled Windows 7 administrator account, follow the steps as below:
1. Right-click the Administrator account and select Set Password.
2. Click Proceed to go on your operation.
3. Type and confirm your new Windows 7 admin password and click Ok.
4. Close the Local Users and Groups screen.
Now a password is assigned to your Windows 7 admin account.
Note: Please remember to create a Windows 7 password reset disk after assigning administrator password. You can use it to reset lost Windows 7 administrator password easily when you happened to forgot the password.
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Forgot Mac Password? How to Reset Your Mac Password (with or without CD)
So you forgot your Mac password… uh oh. Don’t worry, it happens and you aren’t out of luck. You’ll need to reset the forgotten password and there’s several ways to do this, we’ll focus on the two best methods; one does not require a Mac OS X installer CD and is a great hack, and the other is much more simple if you happen to have a Mac OS X DVD laying around.
Using a pretty nifty trick you can reset a forgotten Mac password without a Mac OS X installer CD/DVD. The steps may seem a little intimidating at first but I assure you it’s easy if you follow them exactly, here is exactly how to do this in three stages:
Stage 1) Boot into Single User Mode and remove a setup file
You aren’t finished, but the hard part is now over – no more command lines, you’ll now be in the familiar Mac OS X GUI to finish the password reset process. In this step we just create a new user account as if you just got a new Mac:
You are almost done, now you just need to reset the forgotten user account password using the Accounts control panel:
Here’s how this works: by deleting the .applesetupdone file, you are telling Mac OS X to re-run the setup wizard, which by default creates a new user account with Administrative abilities, which can then reset the forgotten password of any other user on the Mac. This is a great trick and excellent troubleshooting technique if you don’t have a Mac OS X installer CD/DVD laying around, which is pretty much the norm as many people tend to lose or misplace the installer disks that come with their computers. I have used this exact method multiple times to restore various Macs with forgotten/lost passwords.
Resetting a forgotten Mac password is easier if you have an installer disk handy, we have covered this tip before on it’s own:
Reset Mac Password – without a CD
Using a pretty nifty trick you can reset a forgotten Mac password without a Mac OS X installer CD/DVD. The steps may seem a little intimidating at first but I assure you it’s easy if you follow them exactly, here is exactly how to do this in three stages:Stage 1) Boot into Single User Mode and remove a setup file
- Restart the Mac holding down the Command+S keys, this will take you into Single User Mode and it’s Terminal interface
- You’ll need to check the filesystem first:
- Next, you must mount the root drive as writeable so that changes will save:
- Now, type the following command exactly, followed by the enter key:
- After removing the applesetupdone file, you need to reboot, type ‘reboot’ and hit enter
fsck -fy
mount -uw /
rm /var/db/.applesetupdone
You aren’t finished, but the hard part is now over – no more command lines, you’ll now be in the familiar Mac OS X GUI to finish the password reset process. In this step we just create a new user account as if you just got a new Mac:
- Upon reboot, you will be presented with the traditional “Welcome Wizard” startup screen just like when you first get a Mac
- Follow the welcome wizard and create a new user account – making the account name different from the account whose password you want to recover
- Continue on and boot into Mac OS X with this newly created user account, this new user account is an Administrator and has administrative access
You are almost done, now you just need to reset the forgotten user account password using the Accounts control panel:
- Once you are booted into Mac OS X, click on the Apple logo and then navigate down to “System Preferences”
- Click on the “Accounts” icon in System Preferences
- Click on the Lock icon in the lower left corner of the “Accounts” preference window and enter the newly created user credentials, this enables you to change other user accounts and reset other users passwords
- On the left side user panel, select the user account containing the forgotten password
- With the user of the forgotten password account selected, click on the “Reset Password” button
- Enter a new password for that user, be sure to include a meaningful hint so you don’t forget it again!
- Close System Preferences and reboot the Mac
- You can now login to the previously inaccessible user account using the newly reset password! All user files and settings are maintained as before the password was forgotten
Here’s how this works: by deleting the .applesetupdone file, you are telling Mac OS X to re-run the setup wizard, which by default creates a new user account with Administrative abilities, which can then reset the forgotten password of any other user on the Mac. This is a great trick and excellent troubleshooting technique if you don’t have a Mac OS X installer CD/DVD laying around, which is pretty much the norm as many people tend to lose or misplace the installer disks that come with their computers. I have used this exact method multiple times to restore various Macs with forgotten/lost passwords.
Reset Mac Password – with the installer CD/DVD
Resetting a forgotten Mac password is easier if you have an installer disk handy, we have covered this tip before on it’s own:- Boot from the Mac OS X installer disk by inserting it into the Mac and holding down the “C” key on boot
- Select your language preferences and then under the “Utilities” menu select “Password Reset” (it may say “Reset Password” instead, depends on the version of Mac OS X)
- Select the hard disk that the forgotten password is on, then select the username of the forgotten password, you’ll then be asked to select a new password
- Reboot as usual from the hard drive, using your newly reset password as the login!
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Sunday, 9 October 2011
Step by Step guide of data recovery
This step by step guide will help you to recover data from crashed system. Some time we accidentally delete important files. Real disaster comes when you delete files from recycle bin also.
In this guide we will tell you how to recover data step by steps.
Caution:-
Do not try this process on your important data in first time. To avoid loose we will make an example partition and recover data from it.
Complete these perquisite first
In this guide we will tell you how to recover data step by steps.
Caution:-
Do not try this process on your important data in first time. To avoid loose we will make an example partition and recover data from it.
Complete these perquisite first
- Make a partition of 100 Mb and rename it with test
- Make a folder named recover_data on C:\>
- Put some useless data on it
Now delete all these data including recycle bin.
Run exe file by double clicking on it
On welcome screen Click Next
On license agreement Select I accept license agreement 
Choose destination folder where you want to install this software 
Click yes on warning message 
On information screen click next 
Now software will copy its necessary file on hard drive click on next 
Once this process is done you will see this screen Click on finish 
You have successfully installed necessary software now we will recover files those we have deleted earlier.
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How to show windows version on desktop step by step guide
Show Windows version on desktop set Visual Effect Optimize Hard Disk
From our series of XP tips n tricks in this article we will show you that how can you- Customize visual effect on XP
- Optimize Hard disk when idle
- Show windows version on desktop
- prevent applications from stealing focus
- set the width and height of Alt + Tab windows
To launch power toys tweak UI follow this path
Start ==> program ==> power ==> toys Tweak UI
Start ==> program ==> power ==> toys Tweak UI
Select general options
From left side you can customize the visual effect of XP.
You can enable these option
You can enable these option
- Beep on errors
- Enable combo box animation
- Enable cursor shadow
- Enable list box animaton
- Enable menu animation
- Enable menu fading
- Enable menu selection fading
- Enable mouse hot tacking effects
- Enable tooltip animation
- Enable window animation
To Optimize hard disk when idle Or Show windows version on desktop
To optimize hard disk in its ideal time just place tick marks on Optimize hard disk options. Just its beneath we have an options for show windows version on desktop. Keep remember change will take place only after system restart. After restart you can see windows version on desktops.
Prevent application from stealing focus.
Some time you have noticed that you are working on an application and at the same times another applications sent its pop up in task bar to get your attentions. You can control this behavior by Prevent application from stealing focus options.
Size of Alt + Tab Windows
We frequently use alt + tab key combinations while we work on many applications at the same times to switch form one application to another applications. With this option you can set the size of windows that appear when you press Alt + Tab.
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